Introduction: Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative bacillus which commonly occurs in various environments worldwide. Comamonas testosteroni is rarely recognized as a human pathogen. The case we report is the first Comamonas testosteroni endocarditis in Turkey and the fourth case in the world. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male patient with a history of chest pain, dyspnea, and tachycardia was admitted to our hospital. Coronary angiography and echocardiography results revealed mobile lesions and plaques in aortic valve. Cardiovascular surgery was performed; aortic valve vegetation was detected and the aortic valve was excised. Aerobic culture was studied. After the biochemical identification tests and the use of VITEK-2 Compact (Biomerieux, France) automated microbial identification system, pathogenic bacteria was identified as Comamonas testosteroni. The patient who had no risk factors was diagnosed with endocarditis and treated with Ciprofloxacin. The case recovered from Comamonas testosteroni infection. Conclusion: There has been an increase in bacterial infections caused by Comamonas testosteroni and antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. For this reason, Comamonas testosteroni infections have increasingly become important. There have only been four cases from Turkey so far. This paper also examines the other cases in the literature as a whole.

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Aim: This study investigates the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Crataeva nurvala Buch-Hum ethanolic extract fractions in triton and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Oral administrations of 500 mg/kg body weight of various fractions of selected plant were evaluated for possible hyperlipidemic activity in triton and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats for duration of 48 hours and 14 days, respectively. A comparative assessment was also made between the actions of selected drug with known anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin. The outcomes of the study were expressed as mean± standard error (SE) and data was evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett's t-test for multiple comparisons. Results and Discussion: Ethanolic extract Ethyl acetate fraction of Crataeva nurvala stem bark 500 mg/kg body weight on oral administration exhibited a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in serum lipid parameters like triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic rats as compared with hyperlipidemic control in both models. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that Crataeva nurvala Buch-Hum ethanol extract ethyl acetate fractions possessed significant anti-hyperlipidemic activity.

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Context: This study was undertaken considering the recent increase in infections caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) species around the world. Candidemia is a major cause of nosocomial morbidity and mortality in neonates. Although Candida albicans remains the most common fungal isolate from blood, longitudinal studies have detected a trend toward an increased prevalence of NAC species. There are multiple risk factors like neonatal birth weights less than 1250 g, indwelling intravascular catheters and admission in the ICU that are responsible for the emergence of neonatal candidemia in recent years. Aims: To study the changing pattern and importance of species identification of Candida. Settings and Design: This is a three-year retrospective study. Materials and Methods: The neonates born or admitted during Jan. 2010-Dec. 2012 were included in the study. A total of 69 neonates with candidemia as evidenced by positive blood cultures were considered. All blood samples were collected aseptically and were processed by standard procedures. Statistical analysis used: No. Results: During the study period, a total of 922 samples were collected. Out of the 922 samples, 69 were found to be positive for candidemia. Out of the 69, 10 [14.4%] were identified as Candida albicans while the remaining 59 [85.5%] were identified as NAC species. Among the NAC species, 29/59 (49.1%) were Candida tropicalis, 26/59 (44.06%) were Candida krusei while 04/59 (6.7% were Candida glabrata). Conclusions: Candidemia due to NAC species increased morbidity, mortality and complications. In our study, we found the changing pattern of Candida species and importance of species identification in cases of neonatal candidemia. Species identification is important because NACs are resistant to azole drugs.

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Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is an uncommon inflammatory condition of the bladder which can mimic malignancy both clinically and radiologically. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall. High level of suspicion is needed to arrive at the diagnosis which is important because it is a self-limiting condition and in most cases surgical intervention is not required. We present one such case in a child whose symptoms totally resolved on conservative treatment.

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