Aim: The present study aims to evaluate chromosomal structure among couples with a history of recurrent in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. Materials and Methods: Chromosomal structure analysis was conducted on peripheral blood samples from couples with an indication of recurrent IVF failure at the Genetic Diagnosis Center Cytogenetics Laboratory between 2007 and 2012. All data were investigated retrospectively. Results: Abnormal chromosome organization was observed in 39 (15.8%) females and in four (1.7%) males. Moreover, chromosomal polymorphism was detected in 15 (6%) females and 28 (12%) males. Almost all chromosomal abnormalities were associated with sex chromosomes. Conclusion: Highly abnormal chromosome organization was observed in couples with recurrent IVF failures. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis should be offered to these patients to evaluate the likelihood of treatment success and the establishment of a healthy pregnancy.

Uretrorenoscopy (URS) has become the gold standard in the treatment of ureteral stones. Ureteral avulsion (0.1-0.3%) and ureteral perforation (1.7-6%) are the worst morbid complications of the URS. Ureteral avulsion has been mostly encountered in URS procedures for ureteral stones in the ureteropelvic junction. Renal autotransplantation is one of the elective treatment options in patients with ureteral avulsion. An urgent renal autotransplantation owing to an iatrogenic ureteral avulsion after a ureteral extraction in a 42-year-old female patient who underwent URS is presented in the light of literature.

Hydatid disease is a common disease in sheep and cattle raising countries and affects most of the body organs. But hydatid cyst of psoas muscle with pressure on ureter, and thus causing hydronephrosis is uncommon and only few cases have been reported so far in literature. Here, we present a rare case with right giant hydronephrosis as a result of ureter compression by psoas hydatid cyst.

A case of 36-year-old male patient with multiple papular lesions on the lateral aspect of the lower part of his left forelimb was confirmed mycologically and histopathologically, as a case of chromoblastomycosis. The etiological isolate was identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi and was successfully managed.

Kimura's disease (KD) is a nonneoplastic, chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The present study was done to know the varied spectrum of cytohistologic features in KD. The predominant cytological features of KD are significant number of eosinophils in a background of lymphoid population of cells. Though FNAC can just be a pointer to the diagnosis, it still plays a very pivotal role. Constellation of blood eosinophilia, raised serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and cytological features help in confident diagnosis of KD.

Sweet's syndrome (SS), also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by fever, neutrophilia, and inflammatory skin lesions. SS can be associated with several conditions, such as infections, malignancy, autoimmune disease, vaccination, pregnancy, and drug exposure. We present a woman with SS; skin lesions developed at the site of dermatofibroma and scratched area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of SS developed at the site of dermatofibroma.

We report a rare case of ganglion cyst of Hoffa's fat pad of knee joint. These lesions are asymptomatic in most cases and are often misdiagnosed as meniscal or ligamentous lesions of the knee joint. The final diagnosis was done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint, and the lesion was treated with surgery. It was not possible to resect the lesion through arthroscope, so open resection and complete excision of the cyst was done.